Mechanisms Mentioned in Abstracts

From Mechanism to Clinical Effect

In the reversible regime the chain passes through drug entry; in the irreversible regime step 3 is skipped

Weight of the Mechanisms in the Literature

The bar is the share of records mentioning the mechanism within the extended electroporation corpus (3,056 records, including the non-oncological areas). The second bar below it is how that same figure divides between the regimes. The percentages on the right are not raw counts but the share within the area: the proportion of that area's publications mentioning the mechanism. An area is listed only from 4 publications upwards.

1. Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation Membrane Biophysics 1,328 publications 43%

   ECT 126 IRE 918 Most concentrated in: Non-Oncological Electroporation 100% · Pancreatic Cancer 89% · Prostate & Urological Tumours 86%

2. Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death Membrane Biophysics 1,161 publications 38%

   ECT 15 IRE 924 Most concentrated in: Cardiac Pulsed-Field Ablation 96% · Non-Oncological Electroporation 95% · Pancreatic Cancer 88%

3. Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation Drug Transport 562 publications 18%

   ECT 465 IRE 11 Most concentrated in: Vascular Malformations 89% · Vulvar Cancer 48% · Veterinary Oncology 45%

4. Electric Field Distribution and Modelling Dose and Device 346 publications 11%

   ECT 85 IRE 134 Most concentrated in: Brain Tumours 32% · General Principles & Biophysics 21% · Non-Oncological Electroporation 19%

5. Optimisation of Pulse Parameters Dose and Device 295 publications 10%

   ECT 81 IRE 90 Most concentrated in: Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) 31% · Brain Tumours 23% · Lung & Peribronchial Tumours 22%

6. Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) Gene and Immune Pathways 282 publications 9%

   ECT 20 IRE 4 Most concentrated in: DNA Vaccination by Electroporation 75% · General Principles & Biophysics 18% · Malignant Melanoma 17%

7. Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability Drug Transport 244 publications 8%

   ECT 130 IRE 24 Most concentrated in: Vascular Malformations 16% · Brain Tumours 15% · General Principles & Biophysics 12%

8. Electrode Geometry and Placement Dose and Device 222 publications 7%

   ECT 85 IRE 63 Most concentrated in: Vascular Malformations 13% · General Principles & Biophysics 11% · Bone & Soft Tissue Sarcomas 11%

9. Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation Drug Transport 213 publications 7%

   ECT 180 IRE 7 Most concentrated in: Ovarian Tumours 60% · Veterinary Oncology 24% · Breast Cancer 14%

10. Apoptosis Induction Cell Death Pathways 202 publications 7%

    ECT 43 IRE 90 Most concentrated in: Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) 39% · Brain Tumours 11% · Breast Cancer 10%

11. Necrosis and Necroptosis Cell Death Pathways 197 publications 6%

    ECT 70 IRE 73 Most concentrated in: Cholangiocarcinoma 20% · Colorectal Cancer 14% · Liver Tumours 12%

12. Tissue Conductivity and Impedance Change Dose and Device 185 publications 6%

    ECT 31 IRE 56 Most concentrated in: Devices & Clinical Trials 15% · General Principles & Biophysics 13% · Cardiac Pulsed-Field Ablation 8%

13. Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement Dose and Device 164 publications 5%

    ECT 84 IRE 47 Most concentrated in: Veterinary Oncology 15% · Colorectal Cancer 10% · Brain Tumours 9%

14. Thermal Effect and Joule Heating Dose and Device 133 publications 4%

    ECT 3 IRE 102 Most concentrated in: Brain Tumours 15% · Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) 8% · General Principles & Biophysics 7%

15. Systemic / Abscopal Immune Response Gene and Immune Pathways 94 publications 3%

    ECT 35 IRE 28 Most concentrated in: Veterinary Oncology 9% · Malignant Melanoma 8% · Pancreatic Cancer 6%

16. Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion Drug Transport 88 publications 3%

    ECT 6 IRE 3 Most concentrated in: Colorectal Cancer 18% · Skin & Cutaneous Tumours 6% · Malignant Melanoma 4%

17. Interleukin-12 Mediated Immune Stimulation Gene and Immune Pathways 75 publications 2%

    ECT 7 IRE 0 Most concentrated in: Malignant Melanoma 12% · Veterinary Oncology 11% · Skin & Cutaneous Tumours 3%

18. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Cell Death Pathways 66 publications 2%

    ECT 13 IRE 19 Most concentrated in: Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) 15% · Breast Cancer 8% · General Principles & Biophysics 3%

19. Preservation of Nerve and Vascular Structures Vascular and Tissue Effects 60 publications 2%

    ECT 1 IRE 26 Most concentrated in: Cardiac Pulsed-Field Ablation 22% · Liver Tumours 2% · General Principles & Biophysics 1%

20. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combination Gene and Immune Pathways 59 publications 2%

    ECT 23 IRE 19 Most concentrated in: Malignant Melanoma 12% · Pancreatic Cancer 4% · Skin & Cutaneous Tumours 2%

21. Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) Gene and Immune Pathways 58 publications 2%

    ECT 16 IRE 27 Most concentrated in: Pancreatic Cancer 4% · Malignant Melanoma 4% · General Principles & Biophysics 2%

22. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) Membrane Biophysics 55 publications 2%

    ECT 6 IRE 7 Most concentrated in: Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) 62% · General Principles & Biophysics 1%

The 22 most frequently mentioned mechanisms are shown; all 30 names, with the spellings they match, are in the dictionary at the end of the page.

Mechanism Families

Each family's bar extends from the centre to the left for ECT and to the right for IRE record counts; the scale is shared across all six families. The list runs from the electrochemotherapy literature at the top to the irreversible electroporation literature at the bottom.

◀ ECTIRE ▶

1. Drug Transport 854 records 28% 4 names

   582 38

2. Gene and Immune Pathways 450 records 15% 5 names

   83 65

3. Dose and Device 902 records 30% 6 names

   265 299

4. Cell Death Pathways 406 records 13% 5 names

   109 156

5. Vascular and Tissue Effects 225 records 7% 6 names

   52 101

6. Membrane Biophysics 1,503 records 49% 4 names

   133 924

“Records” is the number of records mentioning at least one mechanism from that family. It is not the sum of the member counts, because one record may mention several mechanisms from the same family, and for the same reason the six families add up to more than 3,056 records. Nor do the ECT and IRE counts add up to the family total: the difference is records of calcium electroporation, gene electrotransfer and records whose method could not be determined. The full list of names is in the dictionary below.