Group: Non-Oncological Applications
DNA Vaccination by Electroporation
This heading gathers records in which DNA vaccines against infectious disease are delivered by electroporation. Electroporation here is not a treatment but a delivery method that moves plasmid DNA into muscle or skin cells. The records cover vaccine candidates against hantavirus (HFRS), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2; most are animal studies, and one is a phase 2a randomized immunogenicity trial in humans. The area falls outside the oncological scope of the portal and does not appear in the indication directory; it is kept in the corpus to show where the same delivery method is being tested outside oncology. The number of publications here does not indicate that a vaccine is approved or in use.
Clinical publications: randomized, prospective and retrospective studies, case series and case reports. Preclinical publications: animal, in vitro, modelling and experimental biophysics studies.
Literature Status by Method
Publication count, clinical and preclinical split, literature maturity and publication span for each clinical method. The badges at the top of the page summarise the Other EP and Gene ET records separately; the full split by method is here.
Gene electrotransfer
Exploratory literaturethreshold 0/1
No record for this method entered the maturity calculation; the records are marked in the validation ledger as conflicting, insufficient or out of scope.
2023–2023
Other electroporation applications
This set does not name a single clinical method; no literature maturity is assigned.
2006–2023
Mechanisms Mentioned in Abstracts
Mechanism names are detected by automatic matching over publication abstracts; the figure is the number of publications containing the name. A mention does not mean the mechanism was demonstrated in that study.
Study Type Distribution
Bar length is scaled to the most common study type; the percentage gives the share of the whole area. Colour marks the study-type band, on the same scale as the literature map.
| Study type | Publications | Share within this area |
|---|---|---|
| Randomized Clinical Trial | 1 | 12% |
| Animal Study | 7 | 88% |
Literature Evidence Table
8 publications listed in order of evidence strength. Click a title to open the citation, mechanism and full abstract drawer.
The study type, model and mechanism columns are assigned automatically and can be wrong for individual records; the abstract column is taken either from the publication's own abstract or from the opening text of the source PDF. The labels are there for scanning and filtering, not as record-level verified data; consult the full text before acting on any single publication. The classification rules and known errors are on the Literature Map.
| Regime | Publication | Year | Study type | Model | Mechanism | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other EP | Hooper et al · Vaccines (Basel) | 2020 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA), Haemostasis and Bleeding Control | Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) are pathogenic hantaviruses found in Asia and Europe, respectively. DNA vaccines targeting the envelope glycoproteins of these viruses have been… |
| Gene ET | Kamensek · Pharmaceutics | 2023 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA), Interleukin-12 Mediated Immune Stimulation | DNA vaccination is one of the emerging approaches for a wide range of applications, including prophylactic vaccination against infectious diseases and therapeutic vaccination against cancer.… |
| Other EP | Martins et al · Arch Virol | 2023 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused more than 760 million cases and over 6.8 million deaths a… |
| Other EP | Xia et al · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | 2021 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Electrode Geometry and Placement, Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other pathogens with pandemic potential requires safe, protective, inexpensive, and easily accessible vac… |
| Other EP | Hawman et al · Nat Microbiol | 2020 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Haemostasis and Bleeding Control | There is currently no specific prophylaxis or vaccine against Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe febrile illness transmitted … |
| Other EP | Grunwald et al · J Virol | 2014 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Systemic / Abscopal Immune Response, Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | Unlabelled: Induction of long-lasting immunity against viral respiratory tract infections remains an elusive goal. Using a nonhuman primate model of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) … |
| Other EP | Vasan et al · Retrovirology | 2009 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | – | In healthy volunteers, we sought to determine the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of ADVAX, a subtype B'/C, DNA-based, multigenic, HIV-1 vaccine candidate, when injected intramuscul… |
| Other EP | Hirao et al · Molecular Therapy | 2006 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | Although DNA vaccines have proven to be highly immunogenic in small animal models, the same level of immunogenicity has yet to be seen in non-human primate models and more importantly in hum… |
Limitations
The counts on this page are bounded by the scope of the source PDF archive and are not a systematic review of the area's literature.
A literature maturity label reflects the number of publications, not their methodological quality: it describes how much literature exists in the area and of what kind, not how strongly the treatment is supported. It does not indicate clinical use, guideline endorsement, reimbursement coverage or regulatory status, and it is not a formal GRADE assessment. The definitions and thresholds of the four tiers are on the Literature Map.
The “clinical publications” figure on this page (1) uses the portal's single definition: primary clinical studies, case series and case reports. Systematic reviews and guidelines are not included. The count feeding the badge threshold is narrower and does not count case reports; no publication in this area enters that threshold count under any method, and the badge at the top of the page rests on the Gene ET count alone. The two counts are not the same and cannot stand in for one another; the full threshold table is on the Literature Map.
0 of the 8 records in this area enter the threshold count. The remaining 8 are marked in the validation ledger as conflicting, insufficient or out of scoring; they appear in the table below but affect no threshold and no badge. That share (0%) is not equal across areas: it is 13% portal-wide and ranges from 0% to 42% by area. Two areas' badges therefore cannot be compared directly; a lower badge can reflect narrower verification coverage as much as a narrower literature.
Literature maturity on this page is given separately for each clinical method. The methods present in this area are: Gene electrotransfer, Other electroporation applications. Methods may share the same biophysical basis but they are distinct treatments; evidence gathered for one method cannot be generalised to another.