Group: Skin & Superficial Tumours
Skin & Cutaneous Tumours
This is the indication group with the broadest literature for electrochemotherapy. Tumours in the skin and subcutis form the method's first and most intensively studied clinical application area because they are superficially located, readily accessible to electrodes and allow the response to be followed by eye. Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous metastases from various primary tumours are collected under this heading.
210total publications
127clinical publications
30preclinical publications
34reviews
1996–2026publication span
Clinical publications: randomized, prospective and retrospective studies, case series and case reports. Preclinical publications: animal, in vitro, modelling and experimental biophysics studies.
Literature Status by Method
Publication count, clinical and preclinical split, literature maturity and publication span for each clinical method. The badge at the top of the page summarises the ECT record only; the full split by method is here.
Electrochemotherapy (ECT)
173publications
114clinical publications
19preclinical publications
Broader clinical literaturethreshold 27/173
Validated records entering the maturity calculation: 27 (clinical 15, preclinical 0), 16% of the records for this method.
1996–2026
Irreversible electroporation (IRE)
5publications
0clinical publications
4preclinical publications
Exploratory literaturethreshold 1/5
Validated records entering the maturity calculation: 1 (clinical 0, preclinical 1), 20% of the records for this method.
2007–2024
Calcium electroporation
12publications
9clinical publications
1preclinical publication
Early clinical literaturethreshold 4/12
Validated records entering the maturity calculation: 4 (clinical 4, preclinical 0), 33% of the records for this method.
2017–2024
Gene electrotransfer
4publications
1clinical publication
1preclinical publication
Exploratory literaturethreshold 1/4
Validated records entering the maturity calculation: 1 (clinical 1, preclinical 0), 25% of the records for this method.
2009–2025
Other electroporation applications
13publications
2clinical publications
5preclinical publications
This set does not name a single clinical method; no literature maturity is assigned.
2004–2025
Records with no determined method
3publications
1clinical publication
0preclinical publications
This set does not name a single clinical method; no literature maturity is assigned.
2019–2023
Mechanisms Mentioned in Abstracts
Mechanism names are detected by automatic matching over publication abstracts; the figure is the number of publications containing the name. A mention does not mean the mechanism was demonstrated in that study.
Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation 87
Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation 29
Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation 23
Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability 18
Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement 15
Electrode Geometry and Placement 14
Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion 12
Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) 10
Electric Field Distribution and Modelling 9
Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death 9
Necrosis and Necroptosis 8
Systemic / Abscopal Immune Response 8
Study Type Distribution
Bar length is scaled to the most common study type; the percentage gives the share of the whole area. Colour marks the study-type band, on the same scale as the literature map.
| Study type | Publications | Share within this area |
|---|---|---|
| Randomized Clinical Trial | 3 | 1% |
| Prospective Clinical Study | 19 | 9% |
| Clinical Study | 49 | 23% |
| Retrospective Clinical Study | 6 | 3% |
| Case Series | 6 | 3% |
| Case Report | 44 | 21% |
| Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | 10 | 5% |
| Guideline / Consensus | 2 | <1% |
| Review | 24 | 11% |
| Animal Study | 23 | 11% |
| In Vitro Study | 4 | 2% |
| In Silico / Modelling | 3 | 1% |
| Technical / Device Study | 4 | 2% |
| Thesis | 1 | <1% |
| Conference Abstract | 1 | <1% |
| Editorial / Letter | 4 | 2% |
| Correction / Erratum | 1 | <1% |
| Not reported | 3 | 1% |
| Protocol | 3 | 1% |
Literature Evidence Table
210 publications listed in order of evidence strength. Click a title to open the citation, mechanism and full abstract drawer.
The study type, model and mechanism columns are assigned automatically and can be wrong for individual records; the abstract column is taken either from the publication's own abstract or from the opening text of the source PDF. The labels are there for scanning and filtering, not as record-level verified data; consult the full text before acting on any single publication. The classification rules and known errors are on the Literature Map.
| Regime | Publication | Year | Study type | Model | Mechanism | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECT | Clover et al · Eur J Surg Oncol | 2020 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | – | Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the commonest cutaneous malignancy and incidence continues to increase. There is a need to expand the therapeutic toolbox to increase options for patients that… |
| Calcium EP | Ágoston et al · Cancers (Basel) | 2020 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion | Calcium electroporation (Ca-EP) is a new anticancer treatment providing similar features to electrochemotherapy (ECT). The aim of our study is to compare the efficacy of Ca-EP with bleomycin… |
| Calcium EP | Falk et al · Acta Oncol | 2017 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Calcium electroporation is a novel anticancer treatment, which utilizes high voltage pulses to permeabilize cell membranes and expose the cell to supraphysiological doses of calc… |
| ECT | Heidari et al · – | 2025 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | – | Background Electrochemotherapy (ECT), a nonthermal locoregional modality, has emerged as a promising alternative for management of basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC & SCC) in head a… |
| ECT | Rózsa et al · Sci Rep | 2025 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | – | The rising prevalence of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors has driven interest in electrochemotherapy (ECT) as a potential treatment. However, patient-reported outcomes remain underexplored.… |
| Gene ET | Strojan et al · Eur J Surg Oncol | 2025 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA), Interleukin-12 Mediated Immune Stimulation | Introduction: In the treatment of cancer, immunomodulatory approaches are developed to support the organism in fighting cancer or to enhance the immunomodulatory effects of local ablative te… |
| ECT | Rózsa et al · – | 2025 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | – | Background The rising prevalence of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors has driven interest in electrochemotherapy (ECT) as a potential treatment. However, patient-reported outcomes remain und… |
| Calcium EP | Vissing et al · Eur J Surg Oncol | 2023 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion, Optimisation of Pulse Parameters | Background: Cutaneous metastases can cause distressing symptoms and be challenging to treat. Local therapies are essential in management. Calcium electroporation uses calcium and electrical … |
| ECT | Benedik et al · Front Oncol | 2022 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | Background: Electrochemotherapy of cutaneous tumor nodules requires local or general anesthesia. For multiple and larger nodules, general anesthesia is recommended by standard operating proc… |
| ECT | Bertino et al · Curr Oncol | 2022 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | This prospective registry-based study aims to describe electrochemotherapy (ECT) modalities in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients and evaluate its efficacy, safety, and predictive factors. … |
| ECT | Campana et al · J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | 2022 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combination | Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) effectively controls skin metastases from cutaneous melanoma. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in melanom… |
| ECT | Claussen et al · J Dtsch Dermatol Ges | 2022 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | – | Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an effective local treatment for cutaneous tumors. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ECT in ulcerated vs. non-ulcerated tumor… |
| ECT | Claussen et al · J Dtsch Dermatol Ges | 2022 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | – | Hintergrund: Elektrochemotherapie (ECT) ist eine wirksame lokale Behandlung von Hauttumoren. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit der ECT bei ulzerierten gegenüber nichtulzerierten Tum… |
| ECT | Clover et al · Eur J Cancer | 2020 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a treatment for both primary and secondary cutaneous tumours. The international Network for sharing practices on ECT group investigates treatment out… |
| ECT | De Giorgi et al · Dermatol Ther | 2020 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a well-known nonconventional skin cancer ablative method that was shown to be safe and effective for treating both locoregional disease spreading and disseminate… |
| ECT | Mascherini et al · European Journal of Surgical Oncology | 2020 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | – | Melanoma patients with Breslow thickness greater than 4mm (AJCC 8th edition T4) have a 20-70% risk of metastases depending on histological features and nodal status. T4 melanoma patients tre… |
| ECT | Clover et al · European Journal of Surgical Oncology | 2019 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy is a treatment for cutaneous tumors, both primary and secondary metastatic tumors. The international Network for sharing practices on Electrochemotherapy (INSPECT) group … |
| ECT | Groselj et al · Head Neck | 2017 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: In the present study, effectiveness of electrochemotherapy was compared in patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) of the head and neck using standard and reduced doses of b… |
| ECT | Rotunno et al · G Ital Dermatol Venereol | 2016 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | Background: The main purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of electrochemotherapy in head and neck tumors, to assess local tumor control, its safety profile and its impact on … |
| ECT | Marty et al · European Journal of Cancer Supplements | 2006 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy is an efficient local tumour ablation modality that has already proven its effectiveness clinically in the treatment of various types of tumours. It uses electroporation,… |
| ECT | Rodríguez-Cuevas et al · Arch Med Res | 2001 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Electric Field Distribution and Modelling | Background: Surgery and/or radiotherapy are the elective therapies for most primary skin cancers. Nevertheless, some patients develop recurrences, and chemotherapy has resulted in poor compl… |
| ECT | R Heller, M Jaroszeski, L Glass, J Messina, D Rapaport, R DeConti · Cancer | 1996 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Covarelli et al · Ann Ital Chir | 2025 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Aim: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines chemotherapy with an electric pulse to directly target tumor cells by increasing cell membrane permeability, facilitating the efficient uptake of chem… |
| ECT | Eisele · J Oncol Res Ther | 2025 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin tumor worldwide.Electrochemotherapy (ECT) as an interventional treatment for BCC has been shown to be effective and is regar… |
| ECT | Koračin et al · EJC Skin Cancer | 2025 | Clinical Study | Human | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Maglietti et al · Mundo Saúde | 2024 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy is an innovative technology used to treat skin and mucosal cancers. It consists of intravenous administration of bleomycin followed by the application of electroporation … |
| Calcium EP | Wiegell et al · Acta Derm Venereol | 2024 | Clinical Study | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion | In electrochemotherapy, permeabilization of the cell membrane by electric pulses increases the anti-tumour effect of chemotherapeutics. In calcium electroporation, chemotherapy is replaced b… |
| ECT | Bonadies et al · Il Giornale di Chirurgia - Journal of the Italian Association of Hospital Surgeons | 2023 | Clinical Study | Human | – | Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the surgical units involved in the treatment of skin cancers could continue their activities, but the reevaluation of cases and the adaptati… |
| ECT | Lyons et al · Cancers (Basel) | 2023 | Clinical Study | Human | Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | High-frequency electroporation (HF-EP) with chemotherapy is a novel therapy proposed for both curative and palliative treatment of cutaneous malignancies. The use of high-frequency biphasic … |
| ECT | Salence et al · British Journal of Dermatology | 2023 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) has gained recognition as an effective treatment that uses electrical pulses to permeabilize cell membranes in tumours, enhancing the cytotoxicity of anticancer age… |
| Calcium EP | Vestergaard · Cancers (Basel) | 2023 | Clinical Study | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion | (1) Background: Calcium electroporation is a novel cancer treatment. It includes injecting calcium-solution and applying electric pulses to tumour tissue. Data on quality of life for patient… |
| ECT | Bertino et al · Front Oncol | 2022 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Introduction: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a frequent skin cancer with a high risk of recurrence characterized by tumor infiltration and, in advanced cases, a poor prognosis. … |
| ECT | Mascherini et al · European Journal of Surgical Oncology | 2022 | Clinical Study | Human | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| Calcium EP | Pervan et al · Annals of Oncology | 2022 | Clinical Study | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion | This publication has no abstract. |
| Calcium EP | Falk et al · Dermatology | 2021 | Clinical Study | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion | Background: Keloid scarring is a pathologic proliferation of scar tissue that often causes pruritus, pain, and disfigurement. Keloids can be difficult to treat and have a high risk of recurr… |
| ECT | Lyons et al · JPRAS Open | 2021 | Clinical Study | Human | – | Introduction: The establishment and success of new treatments are significantly influenced by patient satisfaction. Post-operative scarring is an important outcome for patients, and subseque… |
| ECT | Sersa et al · Eur J Surg Oncol | 2021 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Electrode Geometry and Placement | Background: With extending life expectancy, more people are diagnosed with cutaneous malignancies at advanced ages and are offered nonsurgical treatment. We assessed outcomes of the oldest-o… |
| ECT | Bartolo et al · Dermatol Ther | 2020 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a rare group of diseases caused by genetic variants in skin structural proteins. EB is characterized by varying degrees of skin fragility, blisters and impaired… |
| Other EP | Bhatia et al · Clin Cancer Res | 2020 | Clinical Study | Human | Interleukin-12 Mediated Immune Stimulation, Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | Purpose: IL12 promotes adaptive type I immunity and has demonstrated antitumor efficacy, but systemic administration leads to severe adverse events (AE), including death. This pilot trial in… |
| ECT | Campana et al · Int J Surg | 2019 | Clinical Study | Human | Haemostasis and Bleeding Control | Background: Cutaneous angiosarcoma (cAS) is a highly aggressive malignancy that challenges the radicality of surgical treatment. Electrochemotherapy (ECT), a skin-directed treatment based on… |
| ECT | Kis et al · Sci Rep | 2019 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | There is increasing evidence about the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy (ECT) in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas in the head and neck region, although its role in the management o… |
| ECT | Padilla-España et al · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) | 2019 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a therapeutic procedure that combines the phenomenon of electroporation of the cell membrane with the administration of a chemotherapy drug, generally bleomycin … |
| Undetermined | Padilla-España et al · Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) | 2019 | Clinical Study | Human | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Gargiulo et al · J Craniomaxillofac Surg | 2018 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Purpose: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a therapeutic approach based on the local application of electrical pulses that permeabilize cell membranes to enhance the uptake of low-permeant chemot… |
| ECT | Rotunno et al · G Ital Dermatol Venereol | 2018 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: The management of non-melanoma skin cancers may benefit from alternative treatments and in this spectrum electrochemotherapy plays a pivotal role. The aim was to describe the pre… |
| ECT | Campana et al · J Transl Med | 2017 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT), by combining manageable cytotoxic agents with short electric pulses, represents an effective palliative skin-directed therapy. The accumulated evidence… |
| ECT | Rotunno et al · J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | 2017 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is currently used to treat unresectable superficial tumours of different histotypes through the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy and local applicat… |
| ECT | Anon · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open | 2016 | Clinical Study | Human | – | Ruth Tevlin, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCSI,* S. Salwa, MD,* J. Mc Kiernan, MD,* Christina Buckley, MB, BAO, BCh, MRCSI,* M. Bourke, MD,* E.J. Kelly, MB, BCh, BAO, MD, FRCSI, FRCS (Plast),* S.T. O’Sull… |
| ECT | Campana et al · Radiol Oncol | 2016 | Clinical Study | Human | Electrode Geometry and Placement | Background: In recent years, superficial chest wall recurrence from breast cancer can be effectively treated by means of electrochemotherapy, with the majority of patients achieving response… |
| ECT | Campana et al · Eur J Surg Oncol | 2016 | Clinical Study | Human | Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | Background: Cutaneous metastases represent a therapeutic challenge. An increasing body of experience suggests that electrochemotherapy (ECT) provides effective tumor control, although its ev… |
| ECT | Wichtowski et al · European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) | 2016 | Clinical Study | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a ablation method based on reversible electroporation combination with concurrent chemotherapy (intravenous administration or into the tumor). This m… |
| ECT | Zygogianni et al · Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | 2016 | Clinical Study | Human | – | Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether electrochemotherapy is a clinically and cost-effective treatment option against skin tumors. Materials and methods: We performed … |
| ECT | Allegra et al · Drug Des Devel Ther | 2015 | Clinical Study | Human | – | Introduction: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a new therapeutic method that is used in oncology as palliative treatment in patients with recurrent head and neck tumors and who are not candidate… |
| ECT | Salwa et al · J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg | 2014 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Electrode Geometry and Placement | Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) affecting the ocular region is potentially problematic due to its ability to infiltrate aesthetic and functional structures. Due to the paucity of local tissue, re… |
| ECT | Manca et al · Plast Reconstr Surg | 2013 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Keloids and hypertrophic scars are the result of abnormal healing responses and dermal tissue proliferation; current surgical procedures can give rise to exuberant scarring and p… |
| ECT | Solari et al · J Surg Oncol | 2013 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background and objectives: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is technique for local control of skin metastasis. This study is primarily aimed at assessing the clinical activity of ECT in a prospecti… |
| ECT | Rossi et al · European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) | 2012 | Clinical Study | Human | Systemic / Abscopal Immune Response | Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck. Local recurrence is frequent, lymph nodal metastasis are rare, but distant metastase… |
| ECT | Solari et al · European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) | 2012 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT), a new palliative treatment for cutaneous metastases, involves the delivery of electrical pulses to lesions several minutes after intravenous or intratumor injectio… |
| ECT | Matthiessen et al · Acta Oncol | 2011 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Cutaneous metastases may cause considerable discomfort as a consequence of ulceration, oozing, bleeding and pain. Electrochemotherapy has proven to be highly effective in the tre… |
| ECT | Sersa et al · Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc | 2011 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy consists of administration of the chemotherapeutic drug followed by application of electric pulses to the tumor, in order to facilitate the drug uptake into the cells. On… |
| ECT | Kis et al · Orv Hetil | 2010 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | Unlabelled: Electrochemotherapy is an effective treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases in patients with malignant melanoma. During the treatment, electric pulses are applied to t… |
| Other EP | Landström et al · Dermatol Surg | 2010 | Clinical Study | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Electroporation therapy is a new cancer treatment modality in which a locally applied electrical field enhances cell membrane permeability, allowing greater intracellular accumul… |
| ECT | Quaglino et al · European Journal of Cancer Supplements | 2009 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an emerging treatment modality for cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases from different tumour types; it combines electroporation with injection of a chemotherap… |
| ECT | Sainsbury et al · European Journal of Cancer Supplements | 2009 | Clinical Study | Human | – | Although more than 90% of melanomas have a cutaneous origin, occasionally it is discovered fist as a secondary deposit without evident primary site. The aim of this study was to systematicall… |
| ECT | Mali et al · Med Biol Eng Comput | 2008 | Clinical Study | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Electrochemotherapy is an effective antitumor treatment currently applied to cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors. Electrochemotherapy of tumors located close to the heart could lead to adverse… |
| ECT | Peycheva et al · Bioelectrochemistry | 2007 | Clinical Study | Human | – | Eight patients with 29 lesions of histologically verified 1st stage of Mycosis fungoides were successfully treated by electrochemotherapy with interferon-alpha. For this purpose 8 biphasic p… |
| ECT | Muñoz Madero et al · European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) | 2006 | Clinical Study | Human | – | Electrochemotherapy is an unexpensive and effective therapy for local control of cancer. In our experience, it has shown to be effective against a variety of cancer types. In developing coun… |
| ECT | R Heller, M Jaroszeski, D Reintgen, C Puleo, R DeConti, R Gilbert · Cancer | 1998 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is performed by locally administering a chemotherapeutic agent in combination with electric pulses. Previous clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of… |
| ECT | Mir et al · Br J Cancer | 1998 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents by administering the drug in combination with short intense electric pulses. ECT is effective because electric… |
| ECT | Glass et al · J Am Acad Dermatol | 1997 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background: A new anticancer therapy, electrochemotherapy (ECT), has been introduced that entails exposing cancerous tissues to short pulses of electricity during chemotherapy. This enhances… |
| ECT | Glass et al · J Am Acad Dermatol | 1996 | Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background: A new technique, electroporation, enhances the antitumor effects of a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. When used in combination with conventional chemotherapy, the procedure i… |
| ECT | Grošelj et al · Sci Rep | 2025 | Retrospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a minimally invasive treatment option for basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which is particularly advantageous in the elderly population. This study evaluated the long… |
| ECT | Iezzi et al · Life (Basel) | 2023 | Retrospective Clinical Study | Human | Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | Interventional Oncology treatments grant low-risk mini-invasive alternatives to surgery for cancer patients. Percutaneous ablative therapies represent a cornerstone for treatment of liver ca… |
| ECT | Bertino et al · European Journal of Surgical Oncology | 2019 | Retrospective Clinical Study | Human | – | Despite a well-organized Hungarian national invitational breast screening that is free of charge, the participation rate has never reached 70%. This study assessed the socioeconomic factors … |
| ECT | Di Monta et al · J Transl Med | 2017 | Retrospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Necrosis and Necroptosis | Background: Extensive squamous cell carcinoma has few therapeutic options. In such cases, electrochemotherapy involving electroporation combined with antineoplastic drug appears to be a new … |
| ECT | Guida et al · J Surg Oncol | 2016 | Retrospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Antivascular Effect and Vessel Disruption | Background: Angiosarcoma is an aggressive vascular neoplasm with a high propensity for local recurrence. Electrochemotherapy is an emerging skin-directed therapy, exerting prominent cytotoxi… |
| ECT | Kreuter et al · J Dtsch Dermatol Ges | 2015 | Retrospective Clinical Study | Human | – | Background and objectives: Once classic treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy have been exhausted, only few therapeutic options remain for extensive skin tumors or cutaneous m… |
| ECT | Groselj et al · Radiol Oncol | 2025 | Case Series | Human | – | Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a cutaneous malignancy that typically appears in sun-exposed areas. We analyzed data from the Insp-ECT registry of all patients affected by BCC in t… |
| ECT | Vass et al · Int J Dermatol | 2025 | Case Series | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: While electrochemotherapy (ECT) is increasingly utilized as a highly effective method in the treatment of tumors in the head and neck region, there is significantly less data ava… |
| Calcium EP | Ahmed-Salim et al · EJGO | 2021 | Case Series | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion, Necrosis and Necroptosis | Objective: Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is a new technique whereby intracellular concentrations of calcium are elevated by transient permeabilisation of the cell membrane using high-voltag… |
| ECT | Kristiansson et al · Acta Otolaryngol | 2019 | Case Series | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a cancer treatment modality where the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic agents is enhanced by an applied electrical field. Aims/objectiv… |
| ECT | Ullrich et al · Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg | 2019 | Case Series | Human | – | Electrochemotherapy has been used successfully for treatment of recurrent head and neck skin cancers and skin metastasis. It combines both electroporation and chemotherapy. The authors repor… |
| ECT | Kendler et al · Dermatol Surg | 2013 | Case Series | Human | Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: The surgical management of cutaneous metastasis (CM) is challenging, particularly in elderly patients, in whom general anesthesia can be difficult because of comorbidity. Objecti… |
| ECT | Nicolai et al · Int Med Case Rep J | 2026 | Case Report | Human | Necrosis and Necroptosis | Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It may present as painless superficial lesions, or as rapidly growing, exophytic masses, … |
| ECT | Nicolai et al · J Med Case Rep | 2026 | Case Report | Human | Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | Background: Skin areas chronically exposed to solar radiation, such as the face, neck, scalp, and upper limbs, are at significantly increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma. The obj… |
| ECT | Nicolai et al · Clin Case Rep | 2026 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant epithelial tumor of the skin, classified as a nonmelanoma skin cancer. It may develop from precancerous conditions such as chronic inf… |
| ECT | de Moraes-Souza et al · Actas Dermosifiliogr | 2026 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | , Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a localized and targeted form of chemotherapy used to treat various types of primary and secondary cutaneous tumors.1,2 This technique combines the administrat… |
| ECT | Peña et al · Animals (Basel) | 2025 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | Captive birds of prey often exceed their wild counterparts' lifespan, as seen in bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus , ~20 years wild vs. ~40 years captive), golden eagles ( Aquila chrysa… |
| ECT | Russano et al · J Pers Med | 2024 | Case Report | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background: Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are common human malignancies with a rising incidence in recent years. While BCCs have a low mortality rate, they are often associated with significa… |
| ECT | Schmelter et al · J Dtsch Dermatol Ges | 2022 | Case Report | Human | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Gambichler et al · J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | 2021 | Case Report | Human | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combination, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Hydroxyurea and ruxolitinib are frequently used to treat myeloproliferative disorders, including polycythaemia vera, and chronic treatment is associated with many cutaneous adverse effects s… |
| ECT | Landström et al · Anticancer Res | 2021 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | Background/aim: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a predominately palliative treatment for cutaneous metastases where an electric field is used to increase the intracellular accumulation of a che… |
| ECT | Mastrandrea et al · Medicine (Baltimore) | 2021 | Case Report | Human | – | Rationale: According to scientific literature, cryoablation (CA) and electrochemotherapy (ECT) have been used for the treatment of small renal masses. However, no data have been published re… |
| Calcium EP | Stranzenbach et al · J Dtsch Dermatol Ges | 2021 | Case Report | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Torchio et al · Front Oncol | 2021 | Case Report | Human | Systemic / Abscopal Immune Response | This case report shows, for the first time, a patient experiencing a complete response after one dose of avelumab following extensive disease progression with prior electrochemotherapy (ECT)… |
| ECT | Cavaco et al · Eur Thyroid J | 2020 | Case Report | Human | Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability | Advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with cutaneous metastases may cause pain, ulceration, and bleeding. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a minimally invasive treatment of tumors located i… |
| ECT | Fabrizio et al · J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg | 2020 | Case Report | Human | Necrosis and Necroptosis, Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a local treatment and its use has been standardised for cutaneous nodules of any histological origin. In this study, we use ECT as a neoadjuvant therapy to reduc… |
| ECT | Pichi et al · Anticancer Drugs | 2020 | Case Report | Human | Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck district are generally treated with surgery. Surgery is the standard treatment in early stages and local advanced tumors, followed by a… |
| ECT | Crimini et al · Case Rep Oncol Med | 2019 | Case Report | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a tumor that commonly presents on the head or neck in older individuals. Making a definitive diagnosis of AFX is challenging, and frequently, it is… |
| ECT | Lanza et al · Open Vet J | 2019 | Case Report | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Cutaneous tumors are rarely described in avian and are frequently of viral origin. Solid tumors of vascular origin are seldom reported and usually result in difficult management … |
| ECT | Racnik et al · N Z Vet J | 2019 | Case Report | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | Fibromas are uncommon benign neoplasms in birds; they originate in fibrous connective tissue and can be found almost everywhere, most frequently on the head, face, beak and cere, legs, wings… |
| ECT | Pasquali et al · Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) | 2018 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin injection combined with electroporation for the treatment of cutaneous tumors. However, the phenomenon that e… |
| ECT | Baltás et al · Acta Derm Venereol | 2017 | Case Report | Human | – | An 11-year-old girl with XP was referred to our dermato-oncology centre with advanced non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) on her face. Xerosis, skin atrophy, freckling and numerous scars from … |
| ECT | Guida et al · Br J Dermatol | 2017 | Case Report | Human | – | Funding sources: S.S. is supported by a grant from the ‘Maria Ruggieri No Profit Association for research on angiosarcoma and rare tumors’. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor,… |
| ECT | Sponghini et al · Anticancer Drugs | 2017 | Case Report | Human | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combination | The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-PD-1/PD-L1 has delivered new and effective treatment options with proven clinical benefits for patients affected by metastatic melanoma. The 3… |
| ECT | Spugnini et al · Open Vet J | 2017 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | A twenty-year-old female saddle horse was referred for evaluation of a seven month, non-healing erosive lesion of the right hind hoof with proliferation and bleeding of the underlying soft t… |
| ECT | Campana et al · J Vasc Interv Radiol | 2016 | Case Report | Human | – | LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Angiosarcoma on Lymphedema (Stewart–Treves Syndrome): A 12-Year Follow-up after Isolated Limb Perfusion, Limb Infusion, and Electrochemotherapy From: Luca G. Campana, M… |
| ECT | Ribero et al · Dermatol Ther | 2016 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma, is considered a serious condition because the eruptions are diffuse, persistent, and recurrent. Constant pruritus, visceral neoplasms, and unsatisfactor… |
| ECT | Sommerlad et al · Br J Dermatol | 2016 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Porokeratosis is a clonal epidermal disorder of keratinization characterized by annular lesions with an atrophic centre and a hyperkeratotic edge. The cornoid lamella is the histopathologica… |
| ECT | Diociaiuti et al · J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | 2015 | Case Report | Human | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Lanza et al · J Am Vet Med Assoc | 2015 | Case Report | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Case description: A 5-year-old female yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta scripta) was referred for evaluation of a 2-month nonhealing ulcerated mass on the dorsal aspect of the neck. C… |
| ECT | Lido et al · An Bras Dermatol | 2015 | Case Report | Human | – | We describe herein what is to our knowledge the first reported case of an invasive cutaneous metastasis with unknown primary, electively treated solely with electrochemotherapy. We describe … |
| ECT | Ruggeri et al · Melanoma Manag | 2015 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer in Caucasian population. Surgical excision is the gold standard treatment for BCC. Secondary surgical approach in patients presentin… |
| ECT | Brunner et al · J Zoo Wildl Med | 2014 | Case Report | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Fibropapillomatosis continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in sea turtles, particularly in Chelonia mydas. Turtles with this debilitating herpesvirus disease usually p… |
| ECT | Gatti et al · Dermatol Ther | 2014 | Case Report | Human | – | In the present study, we describe the use of electrochemotherapy as alternative therapy for primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphomas in patients unsuitable for surgery or radiotherap… |
| ECT | Macri et al · Head Neck | 2014 | Case Report | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common oral cavity malignant tumor. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been the major options for its treatment. Electrochemot… |
| ECT | di Meo et al · Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol | 2014 | Case Report | Human | Haemostasis and Bleeding Control | No post-operative complications such as scar contracture, graft failure or relapse of disease were encountered. With regard to hemostasis, high flow vessels greater than 500 m are likely to … |
| ECT | Campana et al · Radiol Oncol | 2013 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability | Background: Peristomal metastases are rare, but potentially associated with relevant morbidity. Surgical resection, followed by stoma relocation, represent the gold standard in most patients… |
| ECT | Scelsi et al · Radiol Oncol | 2013 | Case Report | Human | – | Background: Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive tumour, arising from a cutaneous mechanoceptor cell located in the basal layer of epidermis, with poor prognosis. The treatme… |
| ECT | Wiater et al · Eur J Dermatol | 2013 | Case Report | Human | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Kis et al · Acta Derm Venereol | 2012 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a rare multisystemic disease, characterized by numerous basal cell carcinomas. The ideal approach for patients with the syndrome would be a treatment with a high cur… |
| ECT | Marenco et al · Eur J Dermatol | 2011 | Case Report | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) has recently emerged as a treatment for cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions from different malignancies, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with curative or pa… |
| ECT | Marone et al · World J Surg Oncol | 2011 | Case Report | Human | Systemic / Abscopal Immune Response | Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare type of skin cancer arising from the intraepidermal portion of eccrine sweat glands or acrosyringium, representing 0.005-0.01% of all cutaneous tumors. … |
| ECT | Richetta et al · Clin Ter | 2011 | Case Report | Human | – | Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cutaneous malignant tumor, accounting for up to 80% of non melanoma skin cancers. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been for long time the m… |
| ECT | Kaehler et al · Dermatol Surg | 2010 | Case Report | Human | – | Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is commi… |
| ECT | Sainsbury et al · J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg | 2010 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy, a tumour ablation modality, which facilitates intracellular delivery of poorly-permeable cytotoxic drugs, such as bleomycin, has shown promising results in the treatment… |
| ECT | Fantini et al · Arch Dermatol | 2008 | Case Report | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma is a rare disease with poor prognosis. Palliative therapeutic approaches include surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. These treatment modal… |
| ECT | Tan et al · Cancers (Basel) | 2025 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Literature Analysis | Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability | Background: Keratinocyte carcinomas, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), presents a growing concern. Electrochemotherapy (ECT), an emerging treatment moda… |
| ECT | Wu et al · Clin Transl Oncol | 2024 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Human | – | Objective: Treating aggressive superficial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) poses challenges due to invasiveness. Palliative care is recommended for inoperable cases with extensive tumors near … |
| ECT | McMillan et al · PLoS One | 2023 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Human | – | Background: Electrochemotherapy has gained international traction and commendation in national guidelines as an effective tool in the management of cutaneous malignancies not amenable to sur… |
| ECT | Bastrup et al · Acta Oncol | 2022 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an established treatment for primary and secondary cutaneous tumours. The method combines chemotherapy with electroporation, thus increasing the cyto… |
| ECT | Hendel et al · J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | 2021 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of cancer and an increasing incidence stimulates the interest in new treatments such as electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycin. This syst… |
| ECT | Petrelli et al · Acta Oncol | 2021 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability | Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) harnesses electric pulses to enhance cytotoxic drug delivery into tumors and has entered the armamentarium to treat superficially metastatic melanoma. W… |
| ECT | Morley et al · Eur J Surg Oncol | 2019 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Human | – | Background: Electrochemotherapy combines electroporation in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents and is used to treat tumours in many localisations, including cutaneous metastases. The s… |
| ECT | Seyed Jafari et al · Eur J Dermatol | 2018 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy is becoming a promising technique for the management of malignancies of skin and non-skin origin. The current review aims to clarify current knowledge on administration o… |
| ECT | Aguado-Romeo et al · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) | 2017 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Literature Analysis | – | Electrochemotherapy is a therapeutic option for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases from melanoma and other tumors. The procedure consists of the administration of antican… |
| Other EP | Spratt et al · J Clin Oncol | 2014 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Human | – | Purpose: To perform the first meta-analysis of the efficacy of skin-directed therapies for cutaneous metastases. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databa… |
| Other EP | Peris et al · Eur J Cancer | 2023 | Guideline / Consensus | Human | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combination | Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumour in white populations. Multidisciplinary experts from European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), European Dermatology Foru… |
| Undetermined | Stratigos et al · Eur J Cancer | 2023 | Guideline / Consensus | Human | Systemic / Abscopal Immune Response, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combination | In order to update recommendations on treatment, supportive care, education, and follow-up of patients with invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), a multidisciplinary panel of ex… |
| ECT | Papalexis et al · Curr Oncol | 2026 | Review | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Electrode Geometry and Placement | Electrochemotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment based on the principle of reversible electroporation of target cells in pathologic tissues in order to increase the local effect of chem… |
| Other EP | Chan · Medicina (Kaunas) | 2025 | Review | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Percutaneous image-guided ablation (IGA) has emerged as an established alternative to surgical management for small renal masses. This comprehensive review examines traditional and emerging … |
| ECT | Iorga et al · Medicina (Kaunas) | 2025 | Review | Human | – | Skin metastases represent a rare finding in dermatological practice, but their presence signifies an advanced disease and usually portends a poor prognosis. They commonly arise as multiple p… |
| ECT | Canala · – | 2024 | Review | Literature Analysis | Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Sun et al · Int J Surg | 2024 | Review | Human | Haemostasis and Bleeding Control | Dear Editor, Angiosarcomas, which account for 1–2% of all head and neck sarcomas, are extremely rare malignancies that penetrate local structures through anaplastic vascular or lymphatic cel… |
| Other EP | Baeza-Hernández et al · Cancers (Basel) | 2023 | Review | Literature Analysis | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and has the potential to progress locally, metastasize, and cause death in a subset of patients. cSCC is… |
| ECT | Campana et al · Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | 2020 | Review | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy and Enable Comparisons with Other Skindirected Therapies Madam d We welcome the recent overview of electrochemotherapy (ECT) and other skin-directed treatments [1]. Local… |
| ECT | Alagkiozidis · Int J Surg | 2019 | Review | Human | – | International Journal of Surgery 72 (2019) 196–197 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Surgery journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijsu Invited Commentar… |
| ECT | Campana et al · Semin Oncol | 2019 | Review | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Treatment of superficial tumors with electrochemotherapy (ECT) has shown a steep rise over the past decade and indications range from skin cancers to locally advanced or metastatic neoplasms… |
| Other EP | Kovács · J Contemp Brachytherapy | 2019 | Review | Literature Analysis | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Local non-surgical interventional percutaneous ablation represents nowadays an important part of the potential treatment strategies. Although surgical ablation represents the gold standard, … |
| ECT | O'Donoghue et al · Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | 2019 | Review | Human | – | Although surgery and radiotherapy remain the most commonly used treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer, there are a variety of alternatives. Here we discuss the use of electrochemotherapy a… |
| ECT | Zhou et al · Int J Surg | 2019 | Review | Human | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| Calcium EP | Frandsen et al · Technol Cancer Res Treat | 2018 | Review | Cell Culture | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Calcium electroporation is a potential novel anticancer treatment, where high concentrations of calcium are introduced into the cell cytosol by electroporation. This is a method where short,… |
| ECT | Gehl et al · Acta Oncol | 2018 | Review | Human | – | Electrochemotherapy is now in routine clinical use to treat cutaneous metastases of any histology, and is listed in national and international guidelines for cutaneous metastases and primary… |
| ECT | Clover et al · Handbook of Electroporation | 2017 | Review | Literature Analysis | – | Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) represents an evolving clinical challenge. It is the most common form of skin cancer and is increasing in prevalence due to aging populations and greater recreatio… |
| ECT | Snoj et al · Handbook of Electroporation | 2017 | Review | Literature Analysis | – | Cutaneous metastases are fairly frequent manifestation of advanced malignant disease, comprising about 0.7–9% of all cancer patients. The cutaneous metastases may present itself as an isolat… |
| ECT | Queirolo et al · Arch Dermatol Res | 2014 | Review | Animal (In Vivo) | – | Despite surgical treatment of primary tumor, about 5-10 % of melanoma patients will eventually suffer from cutaneous or subcutaneous metastasis. The presence of skin metastases decreases pat… |
| Other EP | Kähler et al · J Dtsch Dermatol Ges | 2013 | Review | Human | – | Patients with metastatic melanoma, but also other solid tumors (e.g., lung or breast cancer), may develop cutaneous metastases in advanced stages. The goal of treatment is to alleviate sympt… |
| ECT | Muñoz Madero et al · Clin Transl Oncol | 2011 | Review | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a therapeutical procedure based on the induction of cell membrane electroporation, by cell exposure to electric fields lasting a few microseconds, combined with … |
| ECT | Reinhold · Hautarzt | 2011 | Review | Human | – | Electrochemotherapy represents a new innovative technology using a combination of electroporation and application of very low dose cytotoxic drugs for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutan… |
| ECT | Testori et al · Dermatol Ther | 2010 | Review | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electroporation uses pulsed, high-intensity electric fields to temporarily increase cell membrane permeability by creation of pores, through which small molecules, such as chemotherapeutic a… |
| Gene ET | Mir · Mol Biotechnol | 2009 | Review | Animal (In Vivo) | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA), Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | About 25 years after the publication of the first report on gene transfer in vitro in cultured cells by the means of electric pulses delivery, reversible cell electroporation for gene transf… |
| ECT | Colombo · Ther Clin Risk Manag | 2008 | Review | Literature Analysis | – | Introduction: Tumors of any histological origin can give rise to cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases during follow-up. This study aims to evaluate the costs and benefits of electrochemothe… |
| ECT | Giardino et al · Biomed Pharmacother | 2006 | Review | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a new treatment for metastatic nodules of solid tumors on the skin or subcutaneous tissue. ECT is a combination of a physical effect, cell membrane poration, and… |
| ECT | Holanda et al · Bioelectricity | 2025 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as an effective local treatment for cancer in dogs and cats. This technique consists of the transient and reversible permeabilization of cell membranes … |
| Other EP | Silva-Pilipich et al · Mol Ther Nucleic Acids | 2022 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Interleukin-12 Mediated Immune Stimulation | Alphavirus vectors based on self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) generate high and transient levels of transgene expression and induce innate immune responses, making them an interesting tool for ant… |
| ECT | Garcia-Sanchez et al · IEEE Trans Biomed Eng | 2020 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Muscle Contraction and Anaesthesia Requirement | Objective: The purpose of this work is to assess the ability of sine waves to perform electrochemotherapy (ECT) and to study the dependence of the frequency of the applied sine wave on the t… |
| IRE | Guenther et al · PeerJ | 2020 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background: Percutaneous image-guided tissue ablation (IGA) plays a growing role in the clinical management of solid malignancies. Electroporation is used for IGA in several modalities: irre… |
| ECT | Weissman et al · Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine | 2020 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Haemostasis and Bleeding Control | Background: With increasing numbers of Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs (Susscrofa) being cared for as pets and increased survival times due to improved husbandry and veterinary care, the possibi… |
| ECT | Chopra et al · Int J Mol Sci | 2019 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | Electrochemotherapy is an efficient method for the local treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases, but its efficacy as a systemic treatment remains low. The application of gene ele… |
| ECT | Racnik et al · Radiol Oncol | 2018 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background: Mast cell tumour, sebaceous gland adenoma, and less common squamous papilloma are skin tumours in ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo ), and early excisional surgery is usually the t… |
| Calcium EP | Szewczyk · Oncotarget | 2018 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion, Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis | Calcium electroporation (CaEP) describes the use of electric pulses (electroporation) to transiently permeabilize cells to allow supraphysiological doses of calcium to enter the cytosol. Cal… |
| ECT | Zhao et al · Theranostics | 2018 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Electric Field Distribution and Modelling, Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability | Electrochemotherapy (ECT), as one of the very few available treatments for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors when surgery and radiotherapy are no longer available, requires applying a proper… |
| IRE | Wang et al · Biomed Microdevices | 2018 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a kind of promising cancer treatment technology. However, local recurrence still occurs because of incomplete ablation. The aim of this study was to inv… |
| Other EP | Cutrera et al · J Cell Mol Med | 2015 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Interleukin-12 Mediated Immune Stimulation, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electroporation improves the anti-tumour efficacy of chemotherapeutic and gene therapies. Combining electroporation-mediated chemotherapeutics with interleukin 12 (IL-12) plasmid DNA produce… |
| ECT | Suzuki et al · Artif Organs | 2015 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Electrode Geometry and Placement, Electric Field Distribution and Modelling | The combination of chemotherapy drugs and high electric field treatment in local cancer is named electrochemotherapy. The European Standard Operation Procedure of Electrochemotherapy (ESOPE)… |
| Gene ET | Guo · PLoS One | 2013 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA), Electrode Geometry and Placement | Topical gene delivery to the epidermis has the potential to be an effective therapy for skin disorders, cutaneous cancers, vaccinations and systemic metabolic diseases. Previously, we report… |
| Other EP | Zibert et al · J Clin Invest | 2011 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | – | Dysregulated angiogenesis is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, a common skin disorder that affects approximately 2% of the population. Studying both human pso… |
| ECT | Tsoneva et al · J Biomed Biotechnol | 2010 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | In the present study it is shown that poloxamer 188, added before or immediately after an electrical pulse used for electroporation, decreases the number of dead cells and at the same time d… |
| Other EP | Liu et al · J Cell Physiol | 2008 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | – | Wound healing is impaired in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that age-dependent impairment of cutaneous wound healing in db/db diabetic mice: (a) would correlate wit… |
| ECT | Reberšek et al · Bioelectrochemistry | 2008 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Electric Field Distribution and Modelling, Electrode Geometry and Placement | Electrochemotherapy is a treatment based on combination of chemotherapeutic drug and electroporation. It is used in clinics for treatment of solid tumours. For electrochemotherapy of larger … |
| ECT | Roux et al · Cancer Immunol Immunother | 2008 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Systemic / Abscopal Immune Response | Purpose: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an effective local therapy of human cutaneous cancers but has no effect on distant untreated tumors. We addressed whether tumor-associated antigens rele… |
| ECT | Larkin et al · Ann Surg | 2007 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Objective: To develop an optimized, reproducible system of electrochemotherapy, and to investigate its clinical application in patients with cutaneous or subcutaneous recurrences of inoperab… |
| IRE | Al-Sakere · PLoS One | 2007 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | We report the first successful use of irreversible electroporation for the minimally invasive treatment of aggressive cutaneous tumors implanted in mice. Irreversible electroporation is a ne… |
| ECT | Torrero et al · Clin Cancer Res | 2006 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Interleukin-12 Mediated Immune Stimulation | Purpose: Bleomycin electrochemotherapy has been successfully used in preclinical studies and clinical trials for treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma; however, it is not… |
| Other EP | Goto et al · Mol Ther | 2004 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Interleukin-12 Mediated Immune Stimulation, Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | We report the use of plasmid DNA-mediated combination gene therapy for tumor-bearing mice using in vivo electroporation, also called electro-gene therapy (EGT), that resulted in uncomplicate… |
| ECT | Sersa et al · Br J Cancer | 2002 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation, Vascular Lock Effect | Electrochemotherapy is an antitumour treatment that utilises locally delivered electric pulses to increase cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Besides increased drug delivery, applicatio… |
| ECT | Wolff et al · Int J Mol Sci | 2022 | In Vitro Study | Cell Culture | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Despite continuous advancement in skin cancer therapy, the disease is still fatal in many patients, demonstrating the need to improve existing therapies, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT). E… |
| ECT | Bisceglia et al · COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering | 2013 | In Vitro Study | Cell Culture | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Electrode Geometry and Placement | Purpose – Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an outstanding technique for treatment of tumor nodules which is currently used for treatment of skin metastases, and now it is being developed for tre… |
| ECT | Meulenberg et al · PLoS One | 2012 | In Vitro Study | Cell Culture | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Vascular Lock Effect | In vivo electroporation of tumours shows disruption of blood flow and creates a vascular effect with an initial rapid and transient vasoconstriction phase and a much longer lasting phase wit… |
| ECT | Kubota et al · Journal of Urology | 1998 | In Vitro Study | Cell Culture | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Case Reports1 Oct 1998SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF METASTATIC SKIN LESIONS WITH ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY YOKO KUBOTA, LLUIS M. MIR, TERUHIRO NAKADA, ISOJI … |
| IRE | Ongaro et al · Technol Cancer Res Treat | 2018 | In Silico / Modelling | Computational Model | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Electrochemotherapy is an emerging local treatment for the management of superficial tumors and, among these, also chest wall recurrences from breast cancer. Generally, the treatment of this… |
| ECT | Forjanič et al · Med Biol Eng Comput | 2016 | In Silico / Modelling | Computational Model | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation | The effectiveness of electrochemotherapy, a local treatment using electric pulses to increase the uptake of chemotherapeutic drug, includes several antitumor mechanisms. In addition to the c… |
| ECT | Pavselj et al · IEEE Trans Biomed Eng | 2005 | In Silico / Modelling | Computational Model | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Tissue Conductivity and Impedance Change | One of the ways to potentiate antitumor effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs is by local application of short intense electric pulses. This causes an increase of the cell membrane permeab… |
| IRE | Wardhana · Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg | 2024 | Technical / Device Study | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Purpose: Accurate needle placement is crucial for successful tumor treatment using the irreversible electroporation (IRE) method. Multiple needles are inserted around the tumor, ideally in p… |
| Gene ET | Kos · Mol Ther Nucleic Acids | 2016 | Technical / Device Study | – | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA), Interleukin-12 Mediated Immune Stimulation | Skin is an attractive target for gene electrotransfer. It consists of different cell types that can be transfected, leading to various responses to gene electrotransfer. We demonstrate that … |
| ECT | Sersa et al · J Vis Exp | 2008 | Technical / Device Study | Human | Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability, Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Electrochemotherapy is a combined use of certain chemotherapeutic drugs and electric pulses applied to the treated tumour nodule. Local application of electric pulses to the tumour increases… |
| ECT | Tokmakçı · J Med Syst | 2006 | Technical / Device Study | Human | Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability, Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a new method that uses anticancer drugs delivery with intensive electrical pulses. Recently, ECT as the treatment method can be applied for basal cell and spin c… |
| Undetermined | Di Chiacchio · – | 2019 | Thesis | – | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Bogataj et al · Socratic Lectures 7 | 2022 | Conference Abstract | – | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Squamous cutaneous skin cancer is common cancer with increasing incidence. Commonly is treated with surgery or radiotherapy, but a new technique has been emerging in recent years. Electroche… |
| ECT | Perusseau-Lambert et al · Cureus | 2025 | Editorial / Letter | Human | Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability | Skin malignancies such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma are increasingly prevalent in the UK, particularly among frail and elderly patients who are often unsuit… |
| ECT | Li · J Surg Oncol | 2022 | Editorial / Letter | Human | – | Wai‐Yee Li MD, PHD We thank our learned colleagues, Campana and Gehl, for drawing our carcinoma of head and neck, and others.1 We would like to thank attention to the promising results on th… |
| ECT | Kunte et al · Eur J Surg Oncol | 2020 | Editorial / Letter | Human | – | The need for timely referral and comprehensive reporting Keywords: Skin metastases Electrochemotherapy Palliative care Scientific reporting Treatment outcome The article by Josephine Morley a… |
| ECT | Curatolo et al · Arch Dermatol | 2009 | Editorial / Letter | Human | – | [No abstract available] |
| ECT | Anon · Future Oncol | 2015 | Correction / Erratum | – | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Tolstrup et al · J Vis Exp | 2026 | Protocol | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Electrode Geometry and Placement | Cutaneous metastases in patients with incurable cancer represent a significant problem as they often cause pain, discomfort, and emotional distress that affect everyday life. Finding treatme… |
| ECT | Tolstrup et al · Bioelectricity | 2025 | Protocol | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability | Introduction: Cutaneous metastases in patients with incurable cancer can severely impact quality of life, highlighting the need for minimally invasive treatment options. Electrochemotherapy … |
| ECT | Vega Díez et al · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas | 2022 | Not reported | – | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| Calcium EP | Vissing · BMJ Open | 2021 | Protocol | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion, Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis | Introduction: Skin malignancy is a distressing problem for many patients, and clinical management is challenging. This article describes the protocol for the Calcium Electroporation Response… |
| ECT | Brizio · cderm | 2017 | Not reported | – | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| ECT | Olasz et al · Br J Dermatol | 2016 | Not reported | Human | – | Linked Article:Sommerlad et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1342–1345. |
No publication matches these filters.
Limitations
The counts on this page are bounded by the scope of the source PDF archive and are not a systematic review of the area's literature.
A literature maturity label reflects the number of publications, not their methodological quality: it describes how much literature exists in the area and of what kind, not how strongly the treatment is supported. It does not indicate clinical use, guideline endorsement, reimbursement coverage or regulatory status, and it is not a formal GRADE assessment. The definitions and thresholds of the four tiers are on the Literature Map.
The “clinical publications” figure on this page (127) uses the portal's single definition: primary clinical studies, case series and case reports. Systematic reviews and guidelines are not included. The count feeding the badge threshold is narrower and does not count case reports; in this area 20 publications enter that threshold count across every method together (ECT 15 · IRE 0 · Calcium EP 4 · Gene ET 1 · Other EP 0 · Undetermined 0), whereas the badge at the top of the page rests on the ECT count alone. The two counts are not the same and cannot stand in for one another; the full threshold table is on the Literature Map.
33 of the 210 records in this area enter the threshold count. The remaining 177 are marked in the validation ledger as conflicting, insufficient or out of scoring; they appear in the table below but affect no threshold and no badge. That share (16%) is not equal across areas: it is 13% portal-wide and ranges from 0% to 42% by area. Two areas' badges therefore cannot be compared directly; a lower badge can reflect narrower verification coverage as much as a narrower literature.
Literature maturity on this page is given separately for each clinical method. The methods present in this area are: Electrochemotherapy (ECT), Irreversible electroporation (IRE), Calcium electroporation, Gene electrotransfer, Other electroporation applications, Records with no determined method. Methods may share the same biophysical basis but they are distinct treatments; evidence gathered for one method cannot be generalised to another.