Group: Non-Oncological Applications
Non-Oncological Electroporation
This heading gathers records in which electroporation is investigated on non-tumour targets. The weight is on irreversible electroporation: the preclinical line covers ablation of vascular smooth muscle cells, tissue decellularisation, preparation of a tissue niche for cell transplantation, limiting scar formation and nerve microsurgery. Alongside these there are clinical records in humans: adenotonsillar hypertrophy and benign prostatic hyperplasia, the latter including randomized trials against transurethral resection. The area also holds reversible electroporation records, cell fusion among them. The area falls outside the oncological scope of the portal; it is kept in the corpus to show where the same biophysical mechanism is being tested outside oncology, and it does not appear in the indication directory. The number of publications here does not indicate that a treatment is approved or in clinical use.
Clinical publications: randomized, prospective and retrospective studies, case series and case reports. Preclinical publications: animal, in vitro, modelling and experimental biophysics studies.
Health Technology Assessments in This Area
This portal counts the volume of the literature; it does not assess whether a procedure is effective. The bodies below do make that assessment, and their conclusions are independent of how large the literature is: a large literature does not mean the evidence was found sufficient.
- G-BA · 2025 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, supporting reasons for extending the suspension (BVh-20-003, TrG)
- G-BA · 2025 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, extension of the suspension (BVh-20-003)
- G-BA · 2025 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, initiation of the consultation procedure (BVh-20-003)
- IQWiG · 2021 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, H20-03 addendum
- IQWiG · 2021 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, SGB V §137h assessment
- G-BA · 2021 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, notice initiating the Erprobung procedure (BVh-20-003, BAnz)
- G-BA · 2021 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, suspension of the Erprobung directive (BVh-20-003)
- G-BA · 2021 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, §137h decision BVh-20-003
- G-BA · 2020 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, first §137h assessment decision (BAh-19-003, BAnz)
- G-BA · 2020 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, supporting reasons for the §137h decision (BAh-19-003, TrG)
- Heidelberg Üniversite Kliniği · 2019 · IRE in chronic bronchitis, G-BA §137h information notice (52 pp.)
The full set with citations is on the Regulatory Documents page. The portal does not interpret these reports on its own behalf; for the current decision consult the issuing body’s own publication.
Clinical and Technical Data Reported in the Publications
The sum of the fields reported in the full text of the 21 publications in this area. The numbers are summed, not interpreted.
The totals are not a count of unique patients: the same cohort may have been reported in more than one publication.
Literature Status by Method
Publication count, clinical and preclinical split, literature volume and publication span for each clinical method. The badge at the top of the page summarises the IRE record only; the full split by method is here.
Irreversible electroporation (IRE)
Exploratory / low-volume literaturethreshold 0/20 records
No record for this method feeds the volume label.
2009–2026
Other electroporation applications
This set does not name a single clinical method; no literature volume is assigned.
1986–1986
Mechanisms Mentioned in Abstracts
The figure is the number of abstracts mentioning the mechanism. A mention does not mean it was demonstrated in that study.
Study Type Distribution
The percentage gives the share of the whole area.
| Study type | Publications | Share within this area |
|---|---|---|
| Randomized Clinical Trial | 3 | 14% |
| Prospective Clinical Study | 1 | 5% |
| Case Series | 3 | 14% |
| Animal Study | 12 | 57% |
| Editorial / Letter | 2 | 10% |
Publication Table
21 publication records sorted by study design. Click a title to open the citation, mechanism and full abstract drawer.
Classifications are generated automatically and can be wrong for individual records. Methodology
| Regime | Publication | Year | Study type | Model | Mechanism | Patients / lesions | Device | Agent and route | Reported outcome | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRE | He et al · EClinicalMedicine | 2026 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | 118 | REMEDINE composite steep pulse therapeutic apparatus | – | – | Background: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but frequently causes retrograde ejaculation and bleeding. Hig… |
| IRE | He et al · BMJ Open | 2025 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | 118 | composite steep pulse therapeutic apparatus | – | – | Introduction: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard surgical treatment to lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic obstruction (LUTS/BPO). Although it … |
| IRE | Tong et al · Urology | 2025 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | 160 | composite steep-pulse therapeutic apparatus | – | – | Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-frequency irreversible electroporation for ablation of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and methods: One hundred sixty subjects … |
| IRE | Khudayberganov · – | 2024 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | 12 | EntIRE | – | – | Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel non-thermal tissue ablation technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IRE in the treatment of adenotons… |
| IRE | Khasanov et al · J Clin Med | 2026 | Case Series | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | 31 | ENTire system | – | – | Background/Objectives: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tissue ablation technology, offering potential advantages such as reductions in pain, bleeding, and procedural time… |
| IRE | Sarafoleanu et al · Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | 2026 | Case Series | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | 23 / 46 | ENTire, IRE System | – | pain response 4 score (23 patients) | Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation for non-thermal ablation of tonsils in adults. Study design: Prospective interventional case series of 24 adult… |
| IRE | Yu et al · Medicine (Baltimore) | 2025 | Case Series | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | 9 | – | – | – | This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of IRE (irreversible electroporation) ablation in the management of BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). Clinical data from 9 patients with prosta… |
| IRE | Xu et al · Front Cell Dev Biol | 2026 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Apoptosis Induction | – | steep pulsed electric field therapy system | – | – | Introduction: Minimally invasive treatments for lower extremity varicose veins carry risks of thermal diffusion injury, nerve damage, ectopic embolism, and limited efficacy, highlighting the… |
| IRE | Ye et al · J Cardiovasc Transl Res | 2025 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | – | Intelligent | – | – | This study evaluated the effects of irreversible electroporation (IRE), a non-thermal ablation method, on carotid atherosclerotic plaques induced by high-fat feeding combined with balloon di… |
| IRE | Han et al · J Surg Res | 2024 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | – | BTX ECM830 | – | – | Introduction: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a tissue ablation technology that kills cells with short electrical pulses that do not induce thermal damage, thereby preserving the extra… |
| IRE | Zhang et al · Radiol Oncol | 2023 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | BTX ECM830 | – | – | Background: Pancreatic islet transplantation via infusion through the portal vein, has become an established clinical treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes. Because the engraftment eff… |
| IRE | Pelaez et al · Ann Biomed Eng | 2020 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | – | BTX ECM830 | – | – | Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging technology for non-thermal ablation of solid tumors. This study sought to integrate electrodes into microporous poly(caprolactone) (PCL) sca… |
| IRE | Chang et al · Biotechniques | 2017 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | BTX ECM830 | – | – | The critical shortage of donor organs has spurred investigation of alternative approaches to either generate replacement organs or implant exogenous cells for treatment of end-stage organ fa… |
| IRE | Golberg et al · J Invest Dermatol | 2016 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | BTX 830 pulse generator | – | other 57.9% (9 animals) | Preventing the formation of hypertrophic scars, especially those that are a result of major trauma or burns, would have enormous impact in the fields of regenerative and trauma medicine. In … |
| IRE | Maor et al · J Vasc Interv Radiol | 2010 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | BTX ECM830 | – | – | Purpose: To evaluate the effect of endovascular nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) on blood vessels. Materials and methods: Specially made endovascular devices with four electro… |
| IRE | Phillips et al · J Biomech Eng | 2010 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | ECM 80 | – | tumour volume change 0% (999 not reported) | Tissue scaffolding is a key component for tissue engineering, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is nature's ideal scaffold material. A conceptually different method is reported here for pro… |
| IRE | Sano et al · Biomed Eng Online | 2010 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Optimisation of Pulse Parameters, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | – | BTX ECM830 | – | – | Background: Despite advances in transplant surgery and general medicine, the number of patients awaiting transplant organs continues to grow, while the supply of organs does not. This work o… |
| IRE | Maor et al · PLoS One | 2009 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Optimisation of Pulse Parameters, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | BTX ECM830 | – | – | Background: Non thermal Irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is a new tissue ablation method that induces selective damage only to the cell membrane while sparing all other tissue components… |
| Other EP | Teissie et al · Biochem Biophys Res Commun | 1986 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | – | ATEIM-CNRS cell pulsator | – | cell viability 95% (300 patients) | Electropermeabilization of chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) is a long lived process but is nevertheless fully reversible. Electrofusion can be obtained by centrifuging the cells several min… |
| IRE | Koriem · World J Gastroenterol | 2025 | Editorial / Letter | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | – | – | – | – | One of the main causes of liver fibrosis and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more common every year. The novel work by Yu et al , which evaluates the viability … |
| IRE | Ramírez-Mejía · World J Hepatol | 2025 | Editorial / Letter | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | – | – | – | Targeting the gut-liver axis has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a condition that currently represents t… |
No publication matches these filters.
Limitations
Publication volume is not clinical efficacy or evidence quality. It describes how much literature exists in the area and of what kind; it does not indicate how strongly the treatment is supported, guideline endorsement or regulatory status.
Patient totals are not a count of unique patients. The same cohort may have been reported in more than one publication; the totals are not a meta-analysis.
How the corpus was assembled, the tier thresholds, the definition of a clinical publication and why methods are counted separately: Literature Map.