Group: Non-Oncological Applications
Non-Oncological Electroporation
This heading gathers records in which electroporation is investigated on non-tumour targets. The weight is on irreversible electroporation: the preclinical line covers ablation of vascular smooth muscle cells, tissue decellularisation, preparation of a tissue niche for cell transplantation, limiting scar formation and nerve microsurgery. Alongside these there are clinical records in humans: adenotonsillar hypertrophy and benign prostatic hyperplasia, the latter including randomized trials against transurethral resection. The area also holds reversible electroporation records, cell fusion among them. The area falls outside the oncological scope of the portal; it is kept in the corpus to show where the same biophysical mechanism is being tested outside oncology, and it does not appear in the indication directory. The number of publications here does not indicate that a treatment is approved or in clinical use.
Clinical publications: randomized, prospective and retrospective studies, case series and case reports. Preclinical publications: animal, in vitro, modelling and experimental biophysics studies.
Literature Status by Method
Publication count, clinical and preclinical split, literature maturity and publication span for each clinical method. The badge at the top of the page summarises the IRE record only; the full split by method is here.
Irreversible electroporation (IRE)
Exploratory literaturethreshold 0/20
No record for this method entered the maturity calculation; the records are marked in the validation ledger as conflicting, insufficient or out of scope.
2009–2026
Other electroporation applications
This set does not name a single clinical method; no literature maturity is assigned.
1986–1986
Mechanisms Mentioned in Abstracts
Mechanism names are detected by automatic matching over publication abstracts; the figure is the number of publications containing the name. A mention does not mean the mechanism was demonstrated in that study.
Study Type Distribution
Bar length is scaled to the most common study type; the percentage gives the share of the whole area. Colour marks the study-type band, on the same scale as the literature map.
| Study type | Publications | Share within this area |
|---|---|---|
| Randomized Clinical Trial | 3 | 14% |
| Prospective Clinical Study | 1 | 5% |
| Case Series | 3 | 14% |
| Animal Study | 12 | 57% |
| Editorial / Letter | 2 | 10% |
Literature Evidence Table
21 publications listed in order of evidence strength. Click a title to open the citation, mechanism and full abstract drawer.
The study type, model and mechanism columns are assigned automatically and can be wrong for individual records; the abstract column is taken either from the publication's own abstract or from the opening text of the source PDF. The labels are there for scanning and filtering, not as record-level verified data; consult the full text before acting on any single publication. The classification rules and known errors are on the Literature Map.
| Regime | Publication | Year | Study type | Model | Mechanism | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRE | He et al · EClinicalMedicine | 2026 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but frequently causes retrograde ejaculation and bleeding. Hig… |
| IRE | He et al · BMJ Open | 2025 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Introduction: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard surgical treatment to lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic obstruction (LUTS/BPO). Although it … |
| IRE | Tong et al · Urology | 2025 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-frequency irreversible electroporation for ablation of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and methods: One hundred sixty subjects … |
| IRE | Khudayberganov · – | 2024 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel non-thermal tissue ablation technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IRE in the treatment of adenotons… |
| IRE | Khasanov et al · J Clin Med | 2026 | Case Series | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background/Objectives: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tissue ablation technology, offering potential advantages such as reductions in pain, bleeding, and procedural time… |
| IRE | Sarafoleanu et al · Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | 2026 | Case Series | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation for non-thermal ablation of tonsils in adults. Study design: Prospective interventional case series of 24 adult… |
| IRE | Yu et al · Medicine (Baltimore) | 2025 | Case Series | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of IRE (irreversible electroporation) ablation in the management of BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). Clinical data from 9 patients with prosta… |
| IRE | Xu et al · Front Cell Dev Biol | 2026 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Apoptosis Induction | Introduction: Minimally invasive treatments for lower extremity varicose veins carry risks of thermal diffusion injury, nerve damage, ectopic embolism, and limited efficacy, highlighting the… |
| IRE | Ye et al · J Cardiovasc Transl Res | 2025 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | This study evaluated the effects of irreversible electroporation (IRE), a non-thermal ablation method, on carotid atherosclerotic plaques induced by high-fat feeding combined with balloon di… |
| IRE | Han et al · J Surg Res | 2024 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Introduction: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a tissue ablation technology that kills cells with short electrical pulses that do not induce thermal damage, thereby preserving the extra… |
| IRE | Zhang et al · Radiol Oncol | 2023 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Background: Pancreatic islet transplantation via infusion through the portal vein, has become an established clinical treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes. Because the engraftment eff… |
| IRE | Pelaez et al · Ann Biomed Eng | 2020 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging technology for non-thermal ablation of solid tumors. This study sought to integrate electrodes into microporous poly(caprolactone) (PCL) sca… |
| IRE | Chang et al · Biotechniques | 2017 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | The critical shortage of donor organs has spurred investigation of alternative approaches to either generate replacement organs or implant exogenous cells for treatment of end-stage organ fa… |
| IRE | Golberg et al · J Invest Dermatol | 2016 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Preventing the formation of hypertrophic scars, especially those that are a result of major trauma or burns, would have enormous impact in the fields of regenerative and trauma medicine. In … |
| IRE | Maor et al · J Vasc Interv Radiol | 2010 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Purpose: To evaluate the effect of endovascular nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) on blood vessels. Materials and methods: Specially made endovascular devices with four electro… |
| IRE | Phillips et al · J Biomech Eng | 2010 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Tissue scaffolding is a key component for tissue engineering, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is nature's ideal scaffold material. A conceptually different method is reported here for pro… |
| IRE | Sano et al · Biomed Eng Online | 2010 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Optimisation of Pulse Parameters, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Background: Despite advances in transplant surgery and general medicine, the number of patients awaiting transplant organs continues to grow, while the supply of organs does not. This work o… |
| IRE | Maor et al · PLoS One | 2009 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Optimisation of Pulse Parameters, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Background: Non thermal Irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is a new tissue ablation method that induces selective damage only to the cell membrane while sparing all other tissue components… |
| Other EP | Teissie et al · Biochem Biophys Res Commun | 1986 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Electropermeabilization of chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) is a long lived process but is nevertheless fully reversible. Electrofusion can be obtained by centrifuging the cells several min… |
| IRE | Koriem · World J Gastroenterol | 2025 | Editorial / Letter | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | One of the main causes of liver fibrosis and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more common every year. The novel work by Yu et al , which evaluates the viability … |
| IRE | Ramírez-Mejía · World J Hepatol | 2025 | Editorial / Letter | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Targeting the gut-liver axis has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a condition that currently represents t… |
No publication matches these filters.
Limitations
The counts on this page are bounded by the scope of the source PDF archive and are not a systematic review of the area's literature.
A literature maturity label reflects the number of publications, not their methodological quality: it describes how much literature exists in the area and of what kind, not how strongly the treatment is supported. It does not indicate clinical use, guideline endorsement, reimbursement coverage or regulatory status, and it is not a formal GRADE assessment. The definitions and thresholds of the four tiers are on the Literature Map.
The “clinical publications” figure on this page (7) uses the portal's single definition: primary clinical studies, case series and case reports. Systematic reviews and guidelines are not included. The count feeding the badge threshold is narrower and does not count case reports; no publication in this area enters that threshold count under any method, and the badge at the top of the page rests on the IRE count alone. The two counts are not the same and cannot stand in for one another; the full threshold table is on the Literature Map.
0 of the 21 records in this area enter the threshold count. The remaining 21 are marked in the validation ledger as conflicting, insufficient or out of scoring; they appear in the table below but affect no threshold and no badge. That share (0%) is not equal across areas: it is 13% portal-wide and ranges from 0% to 42% by area. Two areas' badges therefore cannot be compared directly; a lower badge can reflect narrower verification coverage as much as a narrower literature.
Literature maturity on this page is given separately for each clinical method. The methods present in this area are: Irreversible electroporation (IRE), Other electroporation applications. Methods may share the same biophysical basis but they are distinct treatments; evidence gathered for one method cannot be generalised to another.