Group: Basic Science
Devices & Clinical Trials
Device and system descriptions, practice networks and pulse-generator measurement studies are gathered under this heading. The area is not an indication: the records do not report outcomes in a given disease but describe the hardware and the methodological frame of the application. The clinical trial registry itself is kept on a separate page.
39publication records
4clinical publication records
13preclinical publication records
6reviews
2003–2025publication span
Clinical publications: randomized, prospective and retrospective studies, case series and case reports. Preclinical publications: animal, in vitro, modelling and experimental biophysics studies.
Clinical and Technical Data Reported in the Publications
The sum of the fields reported in the full text of the 39 publications in this area. The numbers are summed, not interpreted.
Sum of the patient counts reported across publications19 (reported in 2 publications)
Total lesions reported53 (in 2 publications)
Devices used (9 publications naming a device)CythorLab (1) · Easy Vax (1) · Agilent function generator (1) · ultrathin glass fiber microprobe (1) · ELECTRO cell S20 (1) · ELECTRO cell B10 HVLV (1)
Agent delivered and route (11 publications reporting an agent)bleomycin · intravenous (3) · bleomycin · both intravenous and intratumoural (2) · bleomycin (2) · plasmid DNA (1) · bleomycin · intratumoural (1) · other · topical (1)
Approach (9 publications report it)percutaneous (5) · transcutaneous surface (4)
Image guidance (4 publications report it)computed tomography (2) · ultrasound (2) · direct vision (1)
Response criteria (4 publications report it)other (1) · RECIST (1) · clinical examination (1) · histological (1)
Combination therapy (5 publications report it)systemic chemotherapy (4) · other immunotherapy (1) · radiotherapy (1) · checkpoint inhibitor (1)
Publications reporting retreatment2 of 18 publications (21 do not report it)
Field strength240–20000 V/cm (8 records, median 1300)
Applied voltage10–10000 V (13 records, median 500)
Number of pulses1–200 (16 records, median 8)
Pulse duration0.5–100000 µs (16 records, median 100)
The totals are not a count of unique patients: the same cohort may have been reported in more than one publication.
Literature Status by Method
Publication count, clinical and preclinical split, literature volume and publication span for each clinical method. The badges at the top of the page summarise the Other EP and IRE records separately; the full split by method is here.
Electrochemotherapy (ECT)
4publication records
1clinical publication records
1preclinical publication record
Exploratory / low-volume literaturethreshold 0/4 records
No record for this method feeds the volume label.
2017–2020
Irreversible electroporation (IRE)
5publication records
1clinical publication records
2preclinical publication records
Exploratory / low-volume literaturethreshold 0/5 records
No record for this method feeds the volume label.
2007–2021
Gene electrotransfer
1publication records
0clinical publication records
0preclinical publication records
Exploratory / low-volume literaturethreshold 0/1 records
No record for this method feeds the volume label.
2011–2011
Other electroporation applications
28publication records
2clinical publication records
10preclinical publication records
This set does not name a single clinical method; no literature volume is assigned.
2003–2025
Records with no determined method
1publication records
0clinical publication records
0preclinical publication records
This set does not name a single clinical method; no literature volume is assigned.
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Mechanisms Mentioned in Abstracts
The figure is the number of abstracts mentioning the mechanism. A mention does not mean it was demonstrated in that study.
Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation 7
Optimisation of Pulse Parameters 7
Tissue Conductivity and Impedance Change 6
Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death 5
Electrode Geometry and Placement 4
Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) 4
Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability 2
Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation 2
Necrosis and Necroptosis 2
Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation 2
Electric Field Distribution and Modelling 2
Thermal Effect and Joule Heating 1
Study Type Distribution
The percentage gives the share of the whole area.
| Study type | Publications | Share within this area |
|---|---|---|
| Randomized Clinical Trial | 1 | 3% |
| Prospective Clinical Study | 1 | 3% |
| Clinical Study | 2 | 5% |
| Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | 1 | 3% |
| Review | 5 | 13% |
| Animal Study | 5 | 13% |
| In Vitro Study | 4 | 10% |
| In Silico / Modelling | 2 | 5% |
| Technical / Device Study | 8 | 21% |
| Experimental Biophysics Study | 2 | 5% |
| Thesis | 1 | 3% |
| Conference Abstract | 3 | 8% |
| Not reported | 3 | 8% |
| Protocol | 1 | 3% |
Publication Table
39 publication records sorted by study design. Click a title to open the citation, mechanism and full abstract drawer.
Classifications are generated automatically and can be wrong for individual records. Methodology
| Regime | Publication | Year | Study type | Model | Mechanism | Patients / lesions | Device | Agent and route | Reported outcome | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other EP | El-Kamary et al · Mol Ther | 2012 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | 10 | Easy Vax | – | pain response 3 score (18 sessions) | DNA vaccines are cost-effective and versatile, though intracellular delivery has been challenging in humans. Alternative delivery modalities such as electroporation have demonstrated improve… |
| ECT | Mascherini et al · European Journal of Surgical Oncology | 2020 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | – | 9 / 13 | – | bleomycin | complete response 5 count (13 lesions) | Melanoma patients with Breslow thickness greater than 4mm (AJCC 8th edition T4) have a 20-70% risk of metastases depending on histological features and nodal status. T4 melanoma patients tre… |
| Other EP | Lucia et al · EEE Ind. Electron. Mag. | 2019 | Clinical Study | Human | Tissue Conductivity and Impedance Change | – | – | bleomycin · intravenous | – | This article reviewed the application of IEs to biomedicine, with an emphasis on the practice's potential benefits and necessary collaboration between specialist engineers and medical practi… |
| IRE | Bertacchini et al · Technol Cancer Res Treat | 2007 | Clinical Study | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | – | – | – | Irreversible electroporation is an ablation modality in which microseconds, high-voltage electrical pulses are applied to induce cell necrosis in a target tissue. To perform irreversible ele… |
| Other EP | Abadi et al · IEEE Access | 2022 | Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis | Literature Analysis | – | – | – | – | – | In recent years, the use of electroporation process has attracted much attention, due to its application in various industrial and medical fields. Electroporation is a microbiology technique… |
| Other EP | Alshahat et al · Applied Sciences | 2023 | Review | Literature Analysis | – | – | – | – | – | Patients diagnosed with cancer receive different types of treatments based on the type and the level of the tumour. An emerging treatment that differs from well-developed systematic therapie… |
| IRE | Granata et al · Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci | 2021 | Review | Human | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | – | – | bleomycin · intravenous | – | Electroporation (EP) techniques, used alone (Irreversible Electroporation, IRE) or in combination with anti-cancer drugs (Electrochemotherapy, ECT), have been shown to be effective in the tr… |
| ECT | Brizio et al · Handbook of Electroporation | 2017 | Review | Literature Analysis | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | – | – | bleomycin · both intravenous and intratumoural | – | In this chapter we will present the International Network for Sharing Practices on Electrochemotherapy group, founded to answer the need of discussing issues and share experience on the use … |
| Gene ET | Reberšek et al · Automatika | 2011 | Review | belirsiz | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | – | – | – | – | Electroporator is a generator of electric pulses that is used for permeabilization of cells. There are five major concepts of electroporation design. Capacitor discharge, square wave generat… |
| Other EP | Puc et al · Bioelectrochemistry | 2004 | Review | Literature Analysis | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | – | – | – | – | Electropermeabilization is a phenomenon that transiently increases permeability of the cell plasma membrane. In the state of high permeability, the plasma membrane allows ions, small and lar… |
| Other EP | Pastori et al · PLoS One | 2024 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Cisplatin Accumulation, Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) | – | Aliya | cisplatin · intravenous | complete response 2 count (10 animals) | Chemo-immunotherapy uses combined systemic therapies for resectable and unresectable tumors. This approach is gaining clinical momentum, but survival increases leave considerable room for im… |
| Other EP | Simon et al · Pharmaceutics | 2021 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability, Electrode Geometry and Placement | – | ELECTRO cell B10 HVLV | other · topical | – | Delivery of hydrophilic molecules through the skin using electroporation is a promising alternative approach to intradermal injection. Recently, we developed a two-in-one electrode/reservoir… |
| Other EP | Kulbacka et al · Bioelectrochemistry | 2020 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | – | – | ultrathin glass fiber microprobe | – | stable disease 15% (50 not reported) | A new type of ultrathin fiber microprobe for selective electroporation is reported. The microprobe is 10 cm long and has a diameter of 350 µm. This microprobe is a low cost tool, which allow… |
| ECT | Cunha et al · Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. | 2017 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation, Necrosis and Necroptosis | – / 40 | – | bleomycin · intratumoural | other 5% (10 animals) | Electrochemotherapy is a local anticancer treatment in which non-permeant chemotherapeutic drugs are associated with electric pulses of well-established parameters. The electric pulses cause… |
| Other EP | Flisar et al · IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag | 2003 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Optimisation of Pulse Parameters | – | – | – | – | We present a detailed design of a system for in vitro electropermeabilization with arbitrary waveforms. A low-voltage signal is generated by a programmable function generator and amplified b… |
| Other EP | Dijk et al · IEEE Trans Biomed Eng | 2022 | In Vitro Study | Cell Culture | Tissue Conductivity and Impedance Change, Electrode Geometry and Placement | – | – | – | – | Objective: Monitoring of impedance changes during electroporation-based treatments can be used to study the biological response and provide feedback regarding treatment progression. However,… |
| Other EP | Kim et al · Adv Fiber Mater | 2022 | In Vitro Study | Cell Culture | Electric Field Distribution and Modelling | – | BTX pulse generator | – | ablation volume 0.1099 cm³ | Microscale electroporation devices are mostly restricted to in vitro experiments (i.e., microchannel and microcapillary). Novel fiber-based microprobes can enable in vivo microscale electrop… |
| Other EP | Stankevic et al · Symmetry | 2020 | In Vitro Study | Cell Culture | Tissue Conductivity and Impedance Change | – | – | – | – | The design and development of a compact square-wave pulse generator for the electroporation of biological cells is presented. This electroporator can generate square-wave pulses with duratio… |
| Other EP | Adamo et al · Anal Chem | 2013 | In Vitro Study | Cell Culture | – | – | Agilent function generator | – | other 82% | We present a microfluidic electroporation device with a comb electrode layout fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS) and glass. Characterization experiments with HeLa cells and fluorescen… |
| Other EP | Gao et al · Int J Hyperthermia | 2022 | In Silico / Modelling | Computational Model | Electric Field Distribution and Modelling, Optimisation of Pulse Parameters | – | – | – | – | Introduction: This study aims to investigate the feasibility of a noninvasive handheld electroporation pulses delivery device (EPDD) for electroporation-based treatment (EBT) of skin superfi… |
| IRE | YOSHIMATSU et al · JTST | 2017 | In Silico / Modelling | Computational Model | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | – | BTX ECM830 | – | ablation volume 72.7% | Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has been studied as a less invasive method for tumor treatment. Since the mechanism of the treatment is based on the fatal perforation of the cell membrane… |
| Other EP | Chole et al · Ann Biomed Eng | 2023 | Technical / Device Study | – | – | – | – | – | – | In this paper, a new application of Piezoelectric Transformer (PT)-based power converters to generate high-voltage (HV) bipolar pulses for medical electroporation therapy is proposed. In par… |
| Other EP | Banaei et al · IET Power Electronics | 2020 | Technical / Device Study | – | – | – | – | – | – | High‐voltage (HV) pulses are widely used in many applications. This study proposes a new HV unipolar pulse generator based on Single‐Ended Primary‐Inductance Converter (SEPIC) for electropor… |
| Other EP | Jiang et al · IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. | 2020 | Technical / Device Study | – | – | – | – | – | – | Research on the effect of pulsed electric field in cell electroporation attracts more attention, especially tumor ablation. This puts forward higher requirements for pulsed electric field pa… |
| Other EP | Pirc et al · Applied Sciences | 2020 | Technical / Device Study | Experimental System | Electrode Geometry and Placement, Tissue Conductivity and Impedance Change | – | ELECTRO cell S20 | bleomycin | – | Electroporation is an emerging technology, with great potential in many different medical and biotechnological applications, food engineering and biomass processing. Large variations of biol… |
| Other EP | Bertacchini · Handbook of Electroporation | 2017 | Technical / Device Study | belirsiz | Gene Electrotransfer (Plasmid DNA) | – | – | bleomycin · intravenous | – | The development of the medical device Cliniporator™ started in 2000 with the homonymous European project, and, at its end, the prototype of the device was ready to be certified. The work done… |
| Other EP | Elgenedy et al · IEEE Trans. Power Electron. | 2017 | Technical / Device Study | – | Optimisation of Pulse Parameters | – | – | – | – | High-voltage (HV) pulses are used in electroporation to subject pulsed electric field (PEF) onto a sample under treatment. Pulse-waveform shape, voltage magnitude, pulse duration, and pulse … |
| Other EP | Connolly et al · IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul. | 2009 | Technical / Device Study | – | Tissue Conductivity and Impedance Change | – | CythorLab | plasmid DNA | – | Electroporation is commonly performed to deliver drugs and genes to cells comprising tissues. A possible way to control and confirm delivery is through the use of impedance spectroscopy. Ide… |
| Undetermined | IGEA S.p.A. · – | – | Technical / Device Study | – | – | – | – | – | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| IRE | Folprecht et al · Electronics | 2021 | Experimental Biophysics Study | Experimental System | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | – | – | – | This paper is focused on a design of a high-voltage (HV) generator, which is proposed for a high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE). The generator produces bursts of bipolar sym… |
| Other EP | Morshed et al · IEEE Trans Biomed Eng | 2014 | Experimental Biophysics Study | Human | Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Permeability, Optimisation of Pulse Parameters | – | – | – | – | Electroporation (EP) of biological cells leads to the exchange of materials through the permeabilized cell membrane, while electrical lysis (EL) irreversibly disrupts the cell membrane. We r… |
| Other EP | Morshed · – | 2018 | Thesis | – | – | – | – | – | – | This publication has no abstract. |
| Other EP | Hsia et al · 2025 MicroTAS Book of Abstracts | 2025 | Conference Abstract | Cell Culture | – | – | – | – | – | The device employs laser engraving technology to create micro-pore arrays, which generate nonuniform electric fields. This device can successfully perform cell electroporation and transfecti… |
| Other EP | López-Alonso et al · IECON 2025 – 51st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society | 2025 | Conference Abstract | Cell Culture | Optimisation of Pulse Parameters | – | – | – | – | Electroporation is an emerging biomedical technique that enables non-thermal tissue ablation and enhanced molecular transport through the application of high-voltage pulsed electric fields. … |
| Other EP | Shershunova · 2025 23rd International Symposium on Power Electronics (Ee) | 2025 | Conference Abstract | – | Optimisation of Pulse Parameters | – | – | – | – | A MOSFET-based voltage generator of negative pulses with DC offset for electroporation of cell membranes is described in the paper. The formation of pulses and offset current is provided ind… |
| Other EP | ESKİ et al · Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering | 2023 | Not reported | – | – | – | – | – | – | After a short historical background and mentioning common application areas and different clinical modalities of pulsed electric fields and the phenomena such as electro permeabilization and… |
| ECT | Pirc et al · SlovMedJour | 2018 | Protocol | Human | – | – | – | bleomycin · both intravenous and intratumoural | – | Final goal of the study is to estimate the cost-e ectiveness of electrochemotherapy for the tre- atment of basal-cell carcinoma and skin melanoma. Paper consists of two parts: the first part… |
| IRE | Sarnago et al · IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron. | 2016 | Not reported | – | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | – | – | – | – | Electroporation is an effective technique based on applying an electric field to cells, commonly used to increase the effectivity of drug and gene delivery. When the applied electric field i… |
| Other EP | Sack et al · Acta Phys. Pol. A | 2009 | Not reported | – | Electrode Geometry and Placement | – | – | – | – | For the production of synthetic bio-fuel the use of green biomass enables additional resources of raw material supplementary to the commonly used dry material. An electroporation assisted dr… |
No publication matches these filters.
Limitations
Publication volume is not clinical efficacy or evidence quality. It describes how much literature exists in the area and of what kind; it does not indicate how strongly the treatment is supported, guideline endorsement or regulatory status.
Patient totals are not a count of unique patients. The same cohort may have been reported in more than one publication; the totals are not a meta-analysis.
How the corpus was assembled, the tier thresholds, the definition of a clinical publication and why methods are counted separately: Literature Map.