Group: Deep Organ Tumours
Oesophageal & Upper Gastrointestinal Tumours
In oesophageal and gastric tumours electroporation has been studied through endoscopic access. Calcium electroporation and electrochemotherapy have been examined in phase I and palliative settings, and in one study compared with argon plasma coagulation. On the gastric side the clinical record is at case-series level, while irreversible electroporation is represented here by animal safety studies.
Clinical publications: randomized, prospective and retrospective studies, case series and case reports. Preclinical publications: animal, in vitro, modelling and experimental biophysics studies.
Literature Status by Method
Publication count, clinical and preclinical split, literature maturity and publication span for each clinical method. The badge at the top of the page summarises the ECT record only; the full split by method is here.
Electrochemotherapy (ECT)
Exploratory literature
2018–2023
Irreversible electroporation (IRE)
Exploratory literature
2023–2023
Calcium electroporation
Exploratory literature
2022–2025
Other electroporation applications
This set does not name a single clinical method; no literature maturity is assigned.
2025–2025
Mechanism Terms Detected in Abstracts
Terms were detected by automatic matching over publication abstracts; the figure gives the number of publications containing the term.
Study Type Distribution
Bar length is scaled to the most common study type; the percentage gives the share of the whole area. Colour marks the study-type band, on the same scale as the literature map.
| Study type | Publications | Share within this area |
|---|---|---|
| Randomized Clinical Trial | 1 | 14% |
| Prospective Clinical Study | 1 | 14% |
| Clinical Study | 3 | 43% |
| Case Series | 1 | 14% |
| Animal Study | 1 | 14% |
Literature Evidence Table
7 publications listed in order of evidence strength. Click a title to open the citation, mechanism and full abstract drawer.
The study type, model and mechanism columns are assigned automatically and can be wrong for individual records; the abstract column is taken either from the publication's own abstract or from the opening text of the source PDF. The labels are there for scanning and filtering, not as record-level verified data; consult the full text before acting on any single publication. The classification rules and known errors are on the methodology page.
| Regime | Publication | Year | Study type | Model | Mechanism | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECT | Egeland et al · MRAJ | 2023 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Human | – | Background: In this randomized clinical trial, we compared endoscopic-assisted electrochemotherapy (ECT) with argon plasma coagulation (APC) in patients suffering from esophageal cancer. We … |
| ECT | Egeland et al · Endosc Int Open | 2018 | Prospective Clinical Study | Human | Increased Intracellular Bleomycin Accumulation | Background and study aims: Esophageal cancer is on the rise in the western world and the disease has a poor 5-year survival prognosis below 20 %. Electrochemotherapy is a treatment where a c… |
| Calcium EP | Bazancir et al · Eur J Surg Oncol | 2025 | Clinical Study | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion, Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis | Background: Barrett's esophagus high-grade dysplasia (BE HGD) can transform into esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in 19-28 % of the cases. Calcium electroporation (Ca-EP) is a novel anti-canc… |
| Calcium EP | Egeland · J Cancer Res Clin Oncol | 2023 | Clinical Study | Human | Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion | Purpose: In this study, we aim to investigate gene expression changes in tumor samples obtained from patients with esophageal cancer treated with calcium electroporation. Previously, local t… |
| Calcium EP | Egeland · Cancers (Basel) | 2022 | Clinical Study | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Calcium Electroporation and ATP Depletion | Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is a novel cancer therapy wherein high intracellular calcium levels, facilitated by reversible electroporation, trigger tumor necrosis. This study aimed to est… |
| Other EP | Bonura et al · Diseases | 2025 | Case Series | Human | Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation, Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death | Background/objectives: Gastric cancer often presents at advanced stages with complications such as iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) due to chronic bleeding, representing a significant global hea… |
| IRE | Jeon · Sci Rep | 2023 | Animal Study | Animal (In Vivo) | Irreversible Pore Formation and Cell Death, Reversible Membrane Permeabilisation | Nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is emerging as a promising tissue ablation technique. However, maintaining irreversible electroporation (IRE) electrodes against displacement … |
Limitations
The counts on this page are bounded by the scope of the source PDF archive and are not a systematic review of the area's literature.
A literature maturity label reflects the number of publications, not their methodological quality: it describes how much literature exists in the area and of what kind, not how strongly the treatment is supported. It does not indicate clinical use, guideline endorsement, reimbursement coverage or regulatory status, and it is not a formal GRADE assessment. The definitions and thresholds of the four tiers are on the methodology page.
The “clinical publications” figure on this page (6) uses the portal's single definition: primary clinical studies, case series and case reports. Systematic reviews and guidelines are not included. The count feeding the badge threshold is narrower and does not count case reports; in this area 2 publications enter that threshold count across every method together (ECT 1 · IRE 0 · Calcium EP 0 · Other EP 1), whereas the badge at the top of the page rests on the ECT count alone. The two counts are not the same and cannot stand in for one another; the full threshold table is on the methodology page.
2 of the 7 records in this area enter the threshold count. The remaining 5 are marked in the validation ledger as conflicting, insufficient or out of scoring; they appear in the table below but affect no threshold and no badge. That share (29%) is not equal across areas: it is 14% portal-wide and ranges from 0% to 41% by area. Two areas' badges therefore cannot be compared directly; a lower badge can reflect narrower verification coverage as much as a narrower literature.
Literature maturity on this page is given separately for each clinical method. The methods present in this area are: Electrochemotherapy (ECT), Irreversible electroporation (IRE), Calcium electroporation, Other electroporation applications. Methods may share the same biophysical basis but they are distinct treatments; evidence gathered for one method cannot be generalised to another.